Crítica aos sistemas cognitivos artificiais

limites e desafios sob a perspectiva autopoiética

Abstract

Artificial intelligence (AI) has become essential in modern life, offering precise solutions to various problems. Its evolution and improvement have been constant and rapid. During this time, a new term has emerged: Cognitive AI, which aims to learn at scale and interact with humans naturally, through the pursuit of knowledge generation. The term cognition, in the theory of Chilean biologist Humberto Maturana, is considered a basic characteristic of life, manifesting in all living beings through a purely biological process. This scientific article aimed to answer the following research question: Is the use of the term cognitive appropriate to designate a field of AI in light of Maturana and Varela’s paradigm? For this, the inductive approach method was used, moving from a particular premise to a broader one, since the case study technique presented in this work seeks knowledge innovation, which is only possible through induction. Additionally, through the case study of the AI developed by IBM, IBM Watson, it sought to observe the processes of the supposed cognition presented and to compare them with the concept of cognition described in Humberto Maturana’s Theory.